“Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal city of Gujarat in India. His father Karamchand Gandhi was the Diwan of a small principality (Porbandar) of Kathiawar during the British Raj”.
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Short Biography of Mahatma Gandhi:
| Country | India |
| Full Name of Mahatma Gandhi | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi |
| Nick Name of Mahatma Gandhi | Mahatma, Bapu, Gandi Ji |
| Born of Mahatma Gandhi | 02 October, 1869 |
| Death of Mahatma Gandhi | 30 January 1948 |
| Born Place of Mahatma Gandhi | Gujrat (Porbandar) |
| Death Place of Mahatma Gandhi | New Delhi |
| Father of Mahatma Gandhi | Karamchand Gandhi (Kasturbai Makhanji Kapadia) |
| Mother of Mahatma Gandhi | Putlibai Gandhi |
| Brothers of Mahatma Gandhi | 2(Laxmidas Karamchand Gandhi, Karsandas Gandhi) |
| Sisters of Mahatma Gandhi | 1 (Raliatbehn Karamchand Gandhi ) |
| Married | Yes |
| Wife of Mahatma Gandhi | Kasturba Gandhi |
| Son of Mahatma Gandhi | 4 (Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas , Devdas ) |
| Daughter of Mahatma Gandhi | No |
Full Biography of Mahatma Gandhi:
Our Bharat land has been the birthplace (Karmasthali) of such great men, who inspired not only the whole mass of its style but also spread the light of his personality and works, not only in India but all over the world. Such a great humanitarian was the nationalist hero – the Father of the Nation “Mahatma Gandhi”.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is not only the name of a person but it is the name of that principle, which a person can never go astray from his path. Gandhi is a character who resides in the souls of Indians. Gandhi did not liberate the country from the slavery of the British only for wearing glasses and sticks in his hands, but it proved that every fight can be won only through the path of violence and truth.
Mahatma Gandhi is a Mishal for the entire human race. He followed non-violence and truth in every circumstance and asked the people to follow them. He lived his life in virtue. He used to wear traditional Indian dress dhoti and shawls. This great man, who always eats vegetarian food, has long been fasting for self-sufficiency.
Prior to his return to India in the year 1915, Gandhi fought for the civil rights of the Indian community in South Africa as an expatriate lawyer. After coming to India, he traveled all over the country and united the farmers, laborers and workers to fight against heavy land tax and discrimination. In 1921, he took over the reins of the Indian National Congress and influenced the political, social and economic scenario of the country with his actions. He gained fame in the 1930 “Namak Satyagraha” and in 1942 after ‘Quit India’ movement. During many times during the freedom struggle of India Gandhi lived in jail for many years.
Mahatma Gandhi had two weapons of truth and nonviolence, who, in a terrible and extremely difficult situation, adopted the path of peace, not only won them easily in bigger movements, but also became a source of inspiration for the rest of the people.
Mahatma Gandhi is also called by the Father of the Nation and Bapu Ji. He was a person of the simple life and high thinking. He spent his whole life in virtue and sacrificed his whole life in the national interest. They put the influence of their personality not only in India but in the whole world.
Early life of Mahatma Gandhi:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal city of Gujarat in India. His father Karamchand Gandhi was the Diwan of a small principality (Porbandar) of Kathiawar during the British Raj. The mother of Mohandas, daughter of Pulleibai, belonged to the Vaish community and had a lot of religious proposition, the effect of which was young Mohandas and these values played an important role in her life. He used to keep fast on a regular basis, and in the family, when someone fell sick, he used to do his service day and night in a nursing home. In this way, Mohandas adopted natural tolerance among non-Hindus, vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification and those who followed various religions and sects.
In 1883, at the age of 13, he was married to 14-year-old Kasturba. When Mohandas was 15, his first child was born, but he survived only a few days. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, also settled in this year (1885). Later, there were four children of Mohandas and Kasturba – Harilal Gandhī (1888), Manilal Gandhī (1892), Ramdas Gandhī (1897) and Devdas Gandhi (1900).
Their middle school was educated in Porbandar and high school education was in Rajkot. Mohan Das was an average student at the academic level. In 1887, he passed the matriculation examination from Ahmedabad. After this Mohandas got admitted to Shamaldas College of Bhavnagar, but he remained unhappy due to poor health and house disconnection and left college and returned to Porbandar.
Foreign Education and Advocacy:
Mohandas was the most educated in his family, so his family believed that he could become the heir to his father and uncle. One of his family friends, Mawji Dave, advised that once Mohandas could become a barrister from London, he could easily get the title of Divan. His mother, Putlibai and other members of the family opposed the idea of going abroad but agreed to settle for Mohandas. In 1888 Mohandas went to England University College for study law and become a barrister. According to the promise given to his mother, he spent his time in London. There, he had difficulty relating to eating veg and had to be hungry many times in the early days. Gradually they came to know about restaurants with vegetarian food. After this he also accepted the membership of ‘Vegetarian Society’. Some members of this Society were also members of Theosophical Society and they advised mohandash to read geeta.
Gandhi returned to India in June 1891 and went there to find out about his mother’s death. He started advocating in Bombay but did not get any special success. After that he went to Rajkot where he started the work of writing the lawsuits for the needy, but after some time he had to leave the work too.
After all, in 1893, an Indian firm accepted the work of advocacy on a one year contract in Natal (South Africa).
Gandhi ji in South Africa (1893-19 14):
Gandhi reached South Africa at the age of 24. He went there as a judicial adviser to some Indian businessmen based in Pretoria. He spent 21 years of his life in South Africa, where his political ideas and leadership skills developed. In South Africa, they had to face severe racial discrimination. Once the first class coach got a valid ticket, he was thrown out of the train after refusing to go to the third class compartment. All these events became a turning point in their lives and became the cause of awareness towards the current social and political injustice. In view of the injustice done to Indians in South Africa, they have started questioning the honor of Indians and respecting themselves regarding British identity under the British Empire.
In South Africa Gandhiji inspired Indians to fight for their political and social rights. He also raised the issues relating to citizenship of the Indians in front of the South African government and actively encouraged the British authorities to recruit Indians in the war of 1906. According to Gandhi, in order to legalize the claims of citizenship, Indians should cooperate in British war efforts.
Conflicts of Indian Independence Movement (1916-1945):
In 1914, Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. By this time Gandhi had been distinguished as a nationalist leader and convener. He had come to India on the advice of moderate Congress leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale and in the initial round Gandhi’s views were largely influenced by Gokhale’s ideas. Initially, Gandhi visited various parts of the country and tried to understand the political, economic and social issues.
Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha:
The movements of Bihar’s Champaran and Kheda in Gujarat gave Gandhi the first political success in India. In Champaran, the British landowners forced the farmers to cultivate the neel instead of the food crops and used to buy the crop at cheap prices, which caused the situation of the farmers to get worse. Because of this, they became very poor. After a devastating famine, the English government imposed repressive taxes, whose burden was increasing day by day. Overall the situation was very disappointing. Gandhiji led protests and strikes against the landlords, after which the demands of the poor and the farmers were considered.
In the year 1918, Khera in Gujarat was hit by floods and drought, due to which the situation of farmers and poor became more and people started demanding apology. Under Gandhiji’s guidance in Kheda, Sardar Patel led the farmers to discuss this problem with the British. After this the British released all the prisoners by releasing revenue collection. Thus, after the rise of Champaran and Kheda, Gandhi’s fame spread across the country and he emerged as an important leader of the freedom movement.
Khilafat movement:
The opportunity to increase its popularity among the Congress and the Muslims was found by Gandhiji through the Khilafat movement. The Khilafat was a worldwide movement through which the falling kingdom of the Caliph was being opposed by the Muslims of the whole world. After defeating in the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was dismantled, due to which the Muslims were concerned about the safety of their religion and religious places. In India, Khilafat was being led by All India Muslim Conference. Gradually, Gandhi became its chief spokesman. To express solidarity with Indian Muslims, they returned the honor and honor given by the British. After this, Gandhi became the sole leader of the Congress rather than the nation, whose influence was on the people of different communities.
Non cooperation movement:
Gandhiji believed that in India the English was possible only with the cooperation of the ruling Indians and if we all together cooperate on everything against the British, freedom is possible then freedom is possible. The growing popularity of Gandhiji made him the Congress’s biggest leader and now he was in a position to use weapons like non-cooperation, non-violence and peaceful resistance against the British. Meanwhile, the massacre of Jalianwala caused a tremendous blow to the country, due to which the flames of anger and violence in the public rose.
Gandhiji called for indigenous policy in which to boycott foreign objects, especially English goods. They said that we should wear khadi hand made by our own people rather than the clothes made by all Indian Britishers. He asked men and women to wear cotton every day. Apart from this, Mahatma Gandhi also requested to boycott British educational institutions and courts, leave government jobs, and return back the honors and honors received from the British government.
The non-co-operation movement was getting immense success, which led to increased enthusiasm and participation in all sections of the society, but in February 1922 it ended with the Chauri-Chaura scandal. After this violent incident, Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation movement. They were arrested and arrested for sedition, in which they were sentenced to six years imprisonment. Due to poor health, the government released him in February 1924.
Swaraj and Salt Satyagraha:
Gandhi was released in February 1924 after the arrest during the non-cooperation movement, and he remained away from active politics till 1928. During this time, he was engaged in reducing the mindset between Swaraj Party and Congress and in addition to fighting against untouchability, alcoholism, ignorance and poverty.
Harijan movement:
As a result of the efforts of Dalit leader B.R. Ambedkar, the English Government approved separate elections under the new Constitution for untouchables. In Yerawada jail, Gandhiji fasted for six days in protest of this in September 1932 and forced the government to adopt a uniform system (Poona Pact). This was the beginning of the campaign run by Gandhiji to improve the lives of untouchables. On May 8, 1933, Gandhi fasted 21 days for self-purification and started a one-year campaign to pursue the Harijan movement. Dalit leaders such as Ambedkar were not happy with this movement and condemned Gandhiji for using the word Harijan for the Dalits.
World War II and ‘Quit India Movement’:
At the beginning of World War II, Gandhi ji wanted to give ‘non-violent moral cooperation’ to the British, but many of the Congress leaders were unhappy that without the consultation of the representatives of the people, the government had torched the country in war. Gandhi announced that on one side India was denied the freedom and on the other hand India was being included in the war to win democratic forces. As the war grew, Gandhiji and Congress intensified the demand for ‘Quit India’ movement.
Partition and independence of the country:
As has been said before, when the end of World War II, the British government had indicated to liberate the country. Along with the movement of India’s independence, the demand of a ‘separate Muslim majority country’ (Pakistan) under the leadership of Jinna had intensified and in 40s these forces demanded a separate nation ‘Pakistan’ in reality Had changed. Gandhi ji did not want to divide the country because it was quite different from the principle of his religious unity but this did not happen and the British divided the country into two pieces – India and Pakistan.
Assassination of Gandhi ji:
On January 30, 1948, the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi was murdered at 5:17 pm in ‘Birla House’ of Delhi. Gandhiji was going to address a prayer meeting when his murderer Nathuram Godse blasted 3 bullets on their chest. It is believed that ‘Hey Ram’ was the last word from his mouth. Nathuram Godse and his associate were prosecuted and sentenced to death in 1949.
